1. What Is Lactic Acid & How Does It Work?

Lactic acid is an alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) derived from milk that offers gentle exfoliation with hydration benefits. Unlike glycolic acid, its larger molecular size makes it:

• Less irritating (ideal for sensitive skin)
• More hydrating (attracts moisture to skin)
• Inhibit melanin production (fades dark spots)
• Slower-penetrating (reduces risk of irritation)

Key Benefits:

• ✔ Exfoliates dead skin cells
• ✔ Boosts hydration by increasing ceramides
• ✔ Stimulates collagen for firmer skin
• ✔ Improves skin texture and radiance
• ✔ Fades hyperpigmentation over time

2. Who Should Use Lactic Acid?

• ✅ Dry/sensitive skin (gentler than glycolic acid)
• ✅ Aging skin (improves fine lines and elasticity)
• ✅ Dull, rough texture (reveals brighter skin)
• ✅ First-time acid users (great introductory exfoliant)
• ✅ Darker skin tones (lower risk of PIH)

⚠️ Caution Needed If:

• You have active eczema/rosacea flare-ups
• Using other strong actives (retinoids, vitamin C)
• Extremely sensitive skin (start with 5% or less)

3. Proven Benefits of Lactic Acid

✔ Gentle Exfoliation

• Removes dead skin cells without stripping moisture
• Great alternative for those who can't tolerate glycolic acid

✔ Intense Hydration

• Increases natural moisturizing factors (NMFs)
• Helps repair skin barrier function

✔ Anti-Aging Effects

• Stimulates collagen production
• Reduces appearance of fine lines

✔ Hyperpigmentation Treatment

Helps fade sun spots and post-acne marks

More gradual but gentler than stronger acids

4. How to Use Lactic Acid

Application Tips:

• Cleanse with lukewarm water
• Apply thin layer to dry skin (pea-sized amount)
• Wait 5-10 minutes before next step
• Follow with moisturizer to lock in hydration
• Always use SPF during the day

Perfect Pairings:

• Hyaluronic acid (boosts hydration)
• Niacinamide (calms and brightens)
• Peptides (enhances anti-aging effects)

5. Choosing the Right Product

What to Look For:

• ✔ pH between 3-4 (most effective range)
• ✔ Formulations with hydrating ingredients
• ✔ Air-tight packaging (prevents degradation)

Format	Best For
Toners (5-10%)	Daily gentle exfoliation
Serums (10-15%)	Targeted treatment
Moisturizers (5% or less)	Hydration + mild exfoliation
Masks (10-20%)	Weekly treatments

6. Natural Alternatives

For those preferring DIY options:

• Yogurt masks (contains natural lactic acid)
• Fermented rice water (mild brightening)
• Sour milk baths (traditional skin-softening)

7. Potential Side Effects

Common (temporary):

• Mild tingling (should subside in 15 minutes)
• Slight redness (usually fades quickly)

Rare:

• Burning sensation (sign of over-exfoliation)
• Increased sun sensitivity (always use SPF)

(Disclaimer: This content is for informational purposes only. Consult a dermatologist before starting new treatments if you have sensitive skin or existing conditions.)